Beginning with the transition to parenthood, parents and families develop warm relationships that nurture their child's health, development, and learning.
Key Resources
- Staff-Parent Relationships That Support Parents
- Understanding Family Engagement Outcomes: Research to Practice Series – Positive Parent-Child Relationships
- Program Environments: Responsive Programming for Migrant Families
- Learning in Partnership: Using Data and Reflective Practice in Programs
- Encouraging Strong Parent-Child Relationships
- Parent-Child Relationships Infographic
Research
- Bradley, R. H., Corwyn, R. F. (2007). Externalizing problems in fifth grade: Relations with productive activity, maternal sensitivity, and harsh parenting from infancy through middle childhood. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1390-1401
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Parent Training Programs: Insight for Practitioners. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control. [Online] [PDF, 615KB]
- Cabrera, N., Shannon, J., Tamis-LeMonda, C. (2007). Fathers’ Influence on Their Children’s Cognitive and Emotional Development: From Toddlers to Pre-K. Applied Developmental Science, 11(4), 208-213 [PDF, 114KB]
- Coughlin, R., Argueta, I., Mraz Esposito, A., & Sama-Miller, E. (2020). Assessing the Research on Early Childhood Home Visiting Models Implemented with Tribal Populations—Part 1: Evidence of Effectiveness. Washington, D.C.: Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation
- Love, J. M., Kisker, E. E., Ross, C., Raikes, H., Constantine, J., Boller, K., Brooks-Gunn, J., Vogel, C. (2005). The effectiveness of Early Head Start for 3-year-old children and their families: Lessons for policy and programs. Developmental Psychology
- Pinquart, M., Teubert, D. (2010). Effects of parenting education with expectant and new parents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 316-327
- Understanding Family Engagement Outcomes: Research to Practice Series – Positive Parent-Child Relationships
- Love, J. M., Kisker, E. E., Constantine, J., Boller, K., Chazan- Cohen, R., Brady-Smith, C., ... Vogel, C. (2005). The Effectiveness of Early Head Start for 3-Year-Old Children and Their Parents: Lessons for Policy and Programs. Developmental Psychology, 41(6), 885–901.
- Green, C. L., Walker, J. M. T., Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Sandler, H. M. (2007). Parents' Motivations for Involvement in Children's Education: An Empirical Test of a Theoretical Model of Parental Involvement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(3), 532–544. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.532
- Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M., Sandler, H. M. (2005). Parents' Motivations for Involvement in Their Children's Education. In E.N. Patrikakou, R.P. Weissberg, S. Redding, and H.J. Walberg (Eds.), School-Family Partnerships for Children's Success. (pp. 40–56). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
- Powell, D. R., Son, S. H., File, N., San Juan, R. R. (2010). Parent-School Relationships and Children's Academic and Social Outcomes in Public School Pre-Kindergarten. Journal of School Psychology, 48(4), 269–292.
- Rosenblatt, Z., Peled, D. (2002). School Ethical Climate and Parental Involvement. Journal of Educational Administration, 40(4), 349–367.
Regulations
- Teaching and the learning environment, 45 CFR § 1302.31 (a), (b), (b1), (b)(1)(i)-(iv), (b)(2), (b)(2)(i)-(iii), (c), (c)(1)-(2), (d)
- Education in home-based programs, 45 CFR § 1302.35 (a), (b), (b)(1)-(4), (c), (c)(1)-(4), (c)(4)(i)-(ii), (c)(5), (d), (d)(1), (d)(1)(i), (e), (e)(1)-(2), (e)(2)(i)-(ii), e(3)
- Child nutrition, 45 CFR § 1302.44 (a), (a)(1)
- Child mental health and social and emotional well-being, 45 CFR § 1302.45 (b), (b)(1)-(5)
- Family support services for health, nutrition, and mental health, 45 CFR § 1302.46 (a), (b), (b)(1), (b)(1)(i)-(iv)
- Family engagement, 45 CFR § 1302.50 (a), (b), (b)(1)-(6)
- Parent activities to promote child learning and development, 45 CFR § 1302.51 (a), (a)(1)-(3), (b)
- Family partnership services, 45 CFR § 1302.52 (a)
- Community partnerships and coordination with other early childhood and education programs, 45 CFR § 1302.53 (a), (a)(1)-(2), (a)(2)(i)-(viii)
- Additional services for parents, 45 CFR § 1302.62 (a), (a)(1)-(2), (b), (b)(1)-(4)
- Transitions from Early Head Start, 45 CFR § 1302.70 (a), (c)
- Transitions from Head Start to kindergarten, 45 CFR § 1302.71 (a), (b), (b)(1)-(2), (b)(2)(i)-(iv)
- Enrolled pregnant women, 45 CFR § 1302.80 (d)
- Prenatal and postpartum information, education, and services, 45 CFR § 1302.81 (a), (b)
- Family partnership services for enrolled pregnant women, 45 CFR § 1302.82 (a), (b)
- Staff qualifications and competency requirements, 45 CFR § 1302.91 (a), (e), (e)(1)-(2), (e)(2)(i)-(ii), (e)(3)-(4), (e)(4)(ii), (e)(5)-(6), (e)(6)(i)-(ii)
- Training and professional development, 45 CFR § 1302.92 (a), (b), (b)(3)-(5)
- Implementation of program performance standards, 45 CFR § 1302.103 (b)
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Last Updated: August 24, 2022